Abstract objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP). Methods From Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2017, the clinical data of 36 SPTP patients diagnosed and surgically treated at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital was analyzed retrospectively, and all of them were followed-up. Results There were 10 men and 26 women patients, the median age was 32 years old, with a range from 12 to 57 years. The most common tumor localization was at the pancreatic body and tail (20 patients, 55.56%), followed by the pancreatic head (14 patients, 38.89%), and the pancreatic neck (1 patient, 5.56%). Clinical symptoms were nonspecific and the preoperative diagnosis of SPTP depended on imaging study, such as ultrasonography, CT and MRI, especially CT. The mean diameter of the tumor was (6.3±2.6) cm. All the patients were treated surgically. Eight patients were treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy (6 patients were processed in laparoscopy), 1 patient with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, 8 patients with distal pancreatectomy (4 patients were processed in laparoscopy), 12 patients with spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (8 patients were processed in laparoscopy), and 1 patient was done with middle segmental pancreatic resection, 3 patients with focal pancreatic resection. All the correct diagnosis were made according to the pathology after surgery. In a follow-up ranging from 3 months to 5 years, all the cases were alive with no evidence of disease recurrence. Conclusion SPTP is a less common neoplasm with low-grade malignancy, CT is an effective diagnosis method for SPTP, but the final diagnosis dependeds on the pathology results. Complete tumor resection results in satisfactory prognosis, the

application of minimally invasive surgery and fast track surgery benefit the patients.